Identity

Every mechanism in this framework — voting, land, courts, donations — depends on one thing working correctly: knowing that each citizen is one real, unique person. Get this wrong and every other safeguard is decoration.

No national ID authority. A single issuing body is a single point of capture. Instead, identity verification is a private, competitive market, governed by the same anti-monopolism rules as any other service.

How it works. Independent verifiers confirm a registrant is a unique living person, typically through a biometric check, and bind that check to the citizen's blockchain key. The biometric itself never touches the chain — only a signed, hashed proof of “this key belongs to one unique person” does.

Fraud is expensive, not free. A verifier that knowingly certifies a fake or duplicate identity is enabling theft of voting power and is prosecutable under the first universal law.

Non-citizens have standing too. Legal identity and citizenship are separate things. Anyone present on the territory enrolls with a verifier to have legal standing in court, since the three universal laws bind everyone regardless of status. Citizenship — voting rights, land entitlement, point accumulation — is a separate, later opt-in layered on top.